USB Cheat sheet

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May 05, 2022
USB Cheat Sheet

I spend time investigating a non-existing bug today because I misunderstood a USB term. So I made myself a cheat sheet. Maybe it will save time to someone.

Marketing NameAlso Known AsSignal GbpsSignal MiB/sWiresCable
USB 1.1Full Speed12 Mbps1.5 MiB/s44m
USB 2.0Hi-Speed480 Mbps60 MiB/s44m
SuperSpeed USB  5GbpsUSB 3.0
USB 3.1
USB 3.2
USB 3.1 Gen 1
USB 3.2 Gen 1
5000 Mbps625 MiB/s83m
SuperSpeedPlus USB 10GbpsUSB 3.1
USB 3.2
USB 3.1 Gen 2
USB 3.2 Gen 2
10000 Mbps1250 MiB/s82m
SuperSpeedPlus USB 20GbpsUSB 3.2
USB 3.2 Gen 2x2
20000 Mbps2500 MiB/s121m
USB4 20GbpsUSB4 Gen 2×2
USB4
20000 Mbps2500 MiB/s120.8m
USB4 40GbpsUSB4 Gen 3×2
USB4
40000 Mbps5000 MiB/s120.8m

Gen naming Convention, lanes, and Speed

USB Gen A x B
A = Generation
B = Num lanes used

NameSignalSig TotalaEncodingEffective bbEffective BbReal Lifec
USB 3.2 Gen 1x15,000 Mbps5,000 Mbps8b/10b4,000 Mbps500 MiB/s400 MiB/s[1]
USB 3.2 Gen 1x25,000 Mbps10,000 Mbps8b/10b8,000 Mbps1,000 MiB/s800 MiB/s  
USB 3.2 Gen 2x110,000 Mbps10,000 Mbps128b/132b9,696 Mbps1,212 MiB/s780 MiB/s[2]
USB 3.2 Gen 2x210,000 Mbps20,000 Mbps128b/132b19,392 Mbps2,424 MiB/s1,600 MiB/s[4]
USB 4 Gen 2x210,000 Mbps20,000 Mbps128b/132b19,392 Mbps2,424 MiB/s1,600 MiB/s  
USB 4 Gen 3x220,000 Mbps40,000 Mbps128b/132b38,787 Mbps4,848 MiB/s2,700 MiB/s[5]

Note: Multi-lanes systems, uses lane striping (on TX) and lane bonding (on RX).
a - What they put on the box.
b - Rate with encoding overhead. e.g, 8b/10b = 20%.
c - Real life sequencial read rate.

Cables

 4 wires: PWR, GND, D+, D-.
 8 wires: PWR, GND, D+, D-. RX+ , RX- , TX- , TX+.
12 wires: PWR, GND, D+, D-, RX1+, RX1-, RX2-, RX2+, TX1+, TX1-, TX2-, TX2+.

Note: 1 USB lane = 1 twisted wire pair +/-.
Note: 4 wires = 1 half-duplex lane, 8 wires = 2 lanes (one up, one down), and 12 wires = 4 lanes (two up, two down).

USB-A/B: Connectors 4/8 wires

Type-A 4-wiresType-A 8-wiresType-B 4-wiresType-B 8-wires

USB-C: Connectors 12 wires

Only the USB Type-C connector has enough pins to support two lanes.

- CC1 and CC2 are downstream facing port (DFP) and upstream facing port (UFP) detection. Also used for power negotiation and alt mode switch.
- SBU1 and SBU2 are secondary bus wires, for the DisplayPort AUX channel and hot plug detection (HPD).

Charge rates / Cable types

SpecificationsMax. VoltageMax. CurrentMax. Power
USB 2.05V500mA2.5W
USB 3.0 / USB3.15V900mA4.5W
USB Battery Charging (BC) 1.25V1.5A7.5W
USB-C Current Mode (non-PD)5V3A15W
USB-C / Power Delivery (PD 1/2)20V5A100W
USB-C PD 3.1 (EPR)48V5A240W

Specifications

USB 1.0 (Jan, 1996).
USB 1.1 (Sep, 1998).
USB 2.0 (Apr, 2000).
USB 3.0 (Nov, 2008).
USB 3.1 (Jul, 2013).
USB 3.2 (Sep, 2017).
USB 4.0 (Aug, 2019).

References

^[1]Universal Serial Bus Revision 3.0 Specification
^[2]Real-world USB 3.2 Gen 2 Performance
^[3]USB 3.1 Tested: Performance
^[4]World’s First USB 3.2 Demonstration | Synopsys
^[5]USB4.0 M.2 NVMe Enclosure Review

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